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Her research interest is in synthesize and characterization of nanomaterials, wastewater treatment, and nanomaterials for agricultural purposes.ĭr Sruthi Ann Alex is a Teaching Fellow in the Centre for Nanoscience and Technology (CNST), AC Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai. She has published three research papers related to antibiotic removal in the peer-reviewed journals. She has received her Master's degree in Nanoscience and Technology from AC Tech, Anna University, Chennai. Geetha Gopal is currently a Researcher at the Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT, Vellore. Finally, the importance of green nanocomposite for environmental sustainability in TC removal is emphasized. Further, the uses of various types of catalysts for photodegradation and various sorbents for adsorption of TC are also presented. Adsorption and integrated oxidation treatment techniques are the most widely studied methods, and they are widely accepted because of less cost, reusability, and toxic-free nature. The advanced treatment techniques include advanced oxidation processes (photolysis, ozonation, and catalytic/UV light-based degradation), membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, and adsorption techniques. The aim of this review is to discuss the nature and occurrence of TC in surface water and to present an overview of the various advanced treatment techniques for TC removal. It is important to have an insight into the different advanced treatment techniques for efficient removal of TC from the surface water and in the WWTPs. Lack of advanced treatment techniques in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to remove residual TC from domestic and hospital wastewater poses a serious environmental risk. Tetracycline (TC), a frequently used drug for human and veterinary therapeutics, is among the most common antibiotic residues found in nature.